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Chronic Sinusitis

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Product Description

Chronic Rhinosinusitis（CRS）

● Symptoms and Causes

Symptoms of chronic rhinosinusitis may include: tenderness or pressure in the face, post nasal drip, nasal discharge or a stuffy nose, toothache, ear pain and/or headache, cough, tiredness, ear pain, loss of the senses of taste and smell, halitosis.

Chronic rhinosinusitis can be caused by several factors. These include: blocked airways from asthma or allergies or from conditions such as cystic fibrosis, infections, which can be bacterial, viral or fungal, abnormal nose structures, such as a deviated septum, polyps, a weak immune system.

PIIS0091674904022468-3

doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2004.07.060.

● Models in place 【Date➡Models】

●Papain Induced C57BL/6 Eosinophilic Rhinosinusitis Model

【Mechanism】Many aeroallergens with type 2 inflammation–inducing properties demonstrate detectable protease activity. This capacity to induce type 2 inflammation may be driven by proteolytic cleavage of intercellular junctions between epithelial cells, thereby disrupting the barrier and subsequently causing epithelial cytokine release.

t the cysteine protease activity of papain is essential to its ability to activate type 2 immune pathways in the murine sinonasal mucosa via epithelial disruption and IL-33 release. This induction of IL-33 release results in type 2 inflammation, which is characteristic of eosinophilic rhinosinusitis pathology.

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●Aspergillus oryzae protease & OVA Induced CRS Model

【Mechanism】Inhalation of ovalbumin (OVA) or extracts of Aspergillus fumigatus were used to establish the allergic or eosinophilic CRS models, which is characterized by a marked increase in the expression of T-helper type 2 (Th2) cytokines and eosinophilic inﬁltration, is among the most common and clinically signiﬁcant, and it is diﬃcult to treat and is prone to recurrence.

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慢性鼻窦炎 CRS模型介绍-20231026_20240617105130_页面_2

慢性鼻窦炎 CRS模型介绍-20231026_20240617105130_页面_3

●SEB & OVA Induced CRS Model

【Mechanism】Various immunopathological processes with persistent inflammation in the mucosal surface lead to CRS. As a result, CRS is a multifactorial inflammatory disorder whose precise pathogenesis remains unknown. However, different etiological factors such as Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins (mainly Enterotoxin B (SEB)) have been reported for this disease. S. aureus is one of the common human bacteria often detected in the normal nasal microbiota of healthy individuals.

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