Home » Services » Autoimmune Disease Animal Models-Small Animals » Mechanistic Autoimmune Animal Model » Delayed type hypersensitivity reaction

Delayed type hypersensitivity reaction

Quantity:
Availability:





Inquire Add to Basket

Product Description

Delayed Type Hypersensitivity（DTH)

● Symptoms and Causes

Definition: Cell-mediated immunity is defined as a beneficial host response characterized by an expanded population of specific T cells, which, in the presence of antigens, produce cytokines locally. The activation and recruitment of cells into an area of inflammation is a crucial step in the development of DTH responses.

Cellular and molecular mechanism: DTH is immunologically a process similar to cell-mediated immunity, involving T cells and cytokines. CD4 T helper (Th) 1 cells, differentiated from naive Th cells by IL-12 and IL-18 produced from macrophages, play a regulatory role in the expression of DTH and activation of macrophages via interferon γ generated by Th1 and natural killer cells. Macrophages accumulate at the site of DTH and become activated through the CD4 Th1 cell-cytokine-macrophage axis. However, DTH leads to pathologic responses, such as granulomatous inflammation, calcification, caseation necrosis, and cavity formation. Granulomas usually form as a result of the persistence of a nondegradable product or as the result of DTH responses. DTH is also required for host defense against etiologic agents, such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The expression of cell-mediated immunity/DTH is a double-edged sword that may contribute to both clearance of the etiologic agent and tissue damage.

Type IV hypersensitivity reaction or Delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH), March 20，2018 Online biology notes.

● Models in place 【Date➡Models】

●OXA Induced DTH Model in C57BL/6 Mice

【Mechanism】Delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) is a useful approach for evaluating cell-mediated immune responses associated with Th1 reactivity. The DTH reaction is divided into the afferent and efferent phases. During the afferent phase of this model, mice are typically immunized by subcutaneous injection with a specific hapten or antigen in its chemically reactive state and emulsified with an adjuvant. The efferent phase is typically initiated 5-12 days after sensitization, whereby the previously sensitized mice are challenged by either subcutaneous footpad injection or intradermal ear injection. The DTH response is evaluated 24 h post challenge.