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Clinically relevant – Recapitulates human pulmonary nodule pathology with granuloma-like lesions, immune cell infiltration, and lung function impairment.
Mechanism-driven – SodA-Ni⊃2;⁺ complexes activate T cell and macrophage responses, mimicking chronic antigen-driven inflammatory nodule formation.
Comprehensive endpoints – Body weight, pulmonary function tests, lung histopathology (HE with nodule scoring), typical pathological images.
Translational value – Ideal for testing anti-inflammatory drugs, immunomodulators, and therapies targeting granulomatous inflammation.
IND-ready data packages – Studies can be conducted in accordance with GLP principles.
SodA Induced PN Model in C57BL/6 Mice

• Efficacy testing of anti-inflammatory drugs (corticosteroids, NSAIDs) and immunomodulators
• Evaluation of biologics targeting T cell activation or macrophage function
• Target validation for granulomatous inflammation and immune-mediated lung pathology
• Biomarker discovery (inflammatory cytokines, immune cell signatures)
• IND-enabling pharmacology and toxicology studies
Parameter | Specification |
Species/Strain | C57BL/6 mouse |
Induction method | Intratracheal instillation of SodA peptides (with His tag) complexed with Ni⊃2;⁺ |
Study duration | 14–28 days post-induction |
Key endpoints | Body weight, pulmonary function tests (e.g., compliance, resistance), lung histopathology (HE staining with nodule scoring), typical pathological images, optional: flow cytometry for immune cell infiltration, cytokine profiling (IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-6), immunohistochemistry |
| Positive control | Corticosteroids (e.g., dexamethasone) available as reference anti-inflammatory compounds |
Data package | Raw data, analysis reports, pulmonary function data, histology slides, bioinformatics (optional) |
Q: How does SodA induce pulmonary nodules in mice?
A: SodA peptides with His tag form stable antigen-metal complexes with Ni⊃2;⁺, which persist locally in the lungs. These complexes are taken up by antigen-presenting cells, activating T cell responses, while Ni⊃2;⁺ acts as an adjuvant to amplify inflammation, leading to macrophage and T cell infiltration and granuloma-like nodule formation.
Q: What are the key similarities with human pulmonary nodules?
A: The model exhibits well-defined granuloma-like lesions, immune cell infiltration (macrophages, T cells), and pulmonary function changes, closely mirroring human inflammatory and immune-mediated pulmonary nodules.
Q: Can this model be used for IND-enabling studies?
A: Yes. Studies can be conducted in accordance with GLP principles for regulatory submissions (FDA, EMA).
Q: Do you offer customized study protocols (e.g., different SodA doses, treatment timing)?
A: Absolutely. Our scientific team tailors induction protocols, treatment schedules, and endpoint analyses to your specific drug candidate.
Q: What is the typical timeline for a pilot efficacy study?
A: Pilot studies typically run 2–4 weeks post-induction, with nodule formation and pulmonary function changes assessed at study endpoint.